Artificial Intelligence Regulation - AI Search

Artificial Intelligence (AI) regulation refers to development of laws and policies to encourage innovation, manage risks and ensure safety.

The European Union's AI Act is a prominent example of a comprehensive legal framework that categorizes AI systems by risk level to impose specific requirements on developers and users. As the regulatory landscape is still emerging, a variety of approaches exist worldwide, with many jurisdictions and organizations publishing guidelines and creating enforcement mechanisms.

Key components of AI regulation

• Safety and reliability: Ensuring AI systems are safe, reliable, and secure through measures like risk management and testing.
• Transparency and accountability: Mandating clear explanations of how AI systems work and establishing processes for holding developers and deployers accountable for their actions.
• Ethical considerations: Guiding AI development to align with societal values, including fairness, non-discrimination, and respect for privacy.
• Risk-based approach: Creating a framework that applies stricter rules to AI systems posing higher risks, such as biometric identification in public spaces or systems that manipulate behavior.
• Compliance and enforcement: Establishing bodies and procedures to monitor compliance, conduct audits, and impose penalties for non-compliance.

Examples of AI regulation

• The EU AI Act: The first comprehensive law of its kind, it sets a risk-based framework for AI systems sold or used in the European Union.
  • Risk categories: Classifies AI systems into unacceptable risk, high-risk, limited risk, and minimal risk, with different obligations for each.
  • General-purpose AI models: Includes specific obligations for providers of large AI models, such as risk assessments and transparency requirements.
• State-level laws in the US: While federal oversight has been limited, individual states have moved forward with their own AI legislation.

Why AI regulation is necessary

• To build trust: Regulations are essential for building public trust in AI technologies.
• To manage risks: AI systems present various risks, including bias, errors, and potential impacts on data protection and fundamental rights.
• To foster innovation: By providing clear rules, regulations can create a more predictable environment for businesses, encouraging responsible innovation and investment.

Regulatory authorities of AI in the Republic of Moldova:

• The Ministry of Economic Development and Digitalization is the central specialized body of public administration, which ensures the implementation of government policy in the areas of activity entrusted to it.
  According to Government Decision No. 143/2021, the Ministry performs various functions, including: 8) digitalization of public services; 9) information technology and digital economy; 9¹) open data and information reuse; 9²) artificial intelligence; 10) policies in the field of electronic and postal communications; 10¹) cybersecurity; 11) quality infrastructure and market surveillance; 12) consumer protection policies; 13) international economic cooperation and trade policies.
• The Electronic Government Agency (AGE) is a public institution, whose activity aims to improve the quality of the act of governance and public services through the intensive application of information and communication technologies.
  According to Government Decision No. 760/2010, the Agency has the mission of implementing policies for the modernization of government services and e-Transformation of governance within the specialized central public administration, by offering efficient solutions for increasing the quality of government services and the act of governance. The Agency's areas of competence are the following: 1) modernization of government services; 2) e-Government Transformation; 3) Interoperability; 4) Cybersecurity Audit; 5) Other Areas Assigned to the Agency by Regulatory Acts.
• The Cybersecurity Agency (CSA) is the competent administrative authority at national level in the field of cybersecurity.
  According to Government Decision No. 1028/2023Government Decision No. 1028/2023, the ASC implements the state policy in the field and has the mission to strengthen cybersecurity at the national level, ensuring a high level of security for the networks and information systems of service providers essential for the functioning of society and the state.

For information - Legal basis of of Moldova

• Law No. 77/2016 on information technology parks

• Law No. 1069/2000 on informatics

• Law No. 241/2007 on electronic communications

• Law No. 467/2003 on informatization and state information resources

• Law No. 133/2011 on personal data protection

• Law No. 142/2018 on data exchange and interoperability

• Law No. 91/2014 on electronic signature and electronic document

• Law No. 284/2004 on electronic commerce

• Law No. 231/2010 on internal trade

• Law No. 71/2007 on registers

• Law No. 148/2023 on access to information of public interest

• Law No. 109/2025 on open data and reuse of public sector information

• Government Decision No. 1144/2017 on the creation of the information technology park "Moldova IT park"

• Government Decision No. 527/2025 on the approval of the Regulation on the Fund for supporting digital innovations and technological start-ups and amending Government

For information - Legal basis of the EU

• Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (Artificial Intelligence Act)

• Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law (CETS No. 225)

  September 5, 2024 – In Vilnius, the Republic of Moldova signed the Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence, Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law (CETS No. 225), following a joint effort between the Ministry of Economic Development and Digitalization and the Ministry of Justice.

• ICT Standardisation Priorities for the Digital Single Market

• Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 on a Single Market For Digital Services (EU Digital Services Act)

• Regulation (EU) 2022/1925 on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector (EU Digital Markets Act)

• EU eIDAS Regulation (European Digital Identity Act)